The Gender Struggle in A Streetcar Named Desire by...

After two world wars, the balance of power between the genders in America had completely shifted. Tennessee Williams’ A Streetcar Named Desire is a harsh, yet powerful play that exposes the reality of the gender struggle. Williams illustrates society’s changing attitudes towards masculinity and femininity through his eloquent use of dramatic devices such as characterization, dialogue, setting, symbolism, and foreshadowing. Stanley, the protagonist, is a symbol for society’s view of the stereotypical male. He is muscular, forceful, and dominant. Stanley’s domination becomes so overwhelming that he demands absolute control. This view of the male as a large animal is revealed in the opening of the play where Stanley is†¦show more content†¦His statement that: - Be comfortable is my motto is almost contradictory, considering that the character does all he can to put the other characters out of their way, throughout the play. It is through dialogue such as this that audiences are alerted to the fact that Stanley intrinsically fails to consider the implications his own needs and wants have on other people. Instead he is the one in control, the only person invested with power and subsequent command, therefore the only one taken into consideration. A final show of authority is his over powering presence within the poker games. Here he makes powerful statements, passing judgements on the symbolic game, and asserting dominance. Nothing belongs on a poker table but cards, chips, and whisky. It is he who sets such rules, allowing no other comment or opinion. Therefore, it is through using techniques such as dialogue, stage directions, foreshadow, and character, that Tennessee Williams foregrounds society’s attitudes to masculinity within the text. Just as a character is provided to represent the stereotypical male, one is also provided as a representation of femininity. Stella fulfils society’s preconceptions of femininity perfectly, though from today’s perspective they may be considered as misconceptions. Her character is absolutely passive and has a largely domestic role. From her first appearance in the play, she is found inShow MoreRelatedExplorations of Gender Roles in A Streetcar Named Desire, by Tennessee Williams863 Words   |  3 PagesIn the 1947 play, A Streetcar Named Desire, Tennessee Williams explores the aspects of traditional gender roles in society; raising many questions about gender, power, and dominance. Ultimately, though, A Streetcar Named Desire observes the conflict between alpha male Stanley Kowalski and the delicately feminine Blanche DuBois, with wife, sister, and mother-to-be, Stella Kowalski, caught in the middle. Williams investigates the continuing fight for authority, on the one hand, and equality on theRead MoreA Streetcar Named Desire Analysis825 Words   |  4 PagesTennessee Williams’ 1947 drama, A Streetcar Named Desire, is a work of social realism which demonstrates the destructive impact of machismo on society in the late 1940s. In his raw representation of the human condition, Williams critiques the unrelenting gender roles which adversely affected so many members of his society. Although the drama is aimed at Williams’ society, as an audience member in the 21st century, Streetcar continues to be a confronting example of the past. Furthermore, the ongoingRead More Gender Roles in The Yellow Wallpaper and A Streetcar Named Desire1539 Words   |  7 Pages Many different depictions of gender roles exist in all times throughout the history of American culture and society. Some are well received and some are not. When pitted against each other for all intents and purposes of opposition, the portrayal of the aspects and common traits of m asculinity and femininity are separated in a normal manner. However, when one gender expects the other to do its part and they are not satisfied with the results and demand more, things can shift from normal to extremeRead MoreLooking Back Upon Civil Rights, WomenS Campaign For Suffrage1250 Words   |  5 Pagesto the chagrin of men. In 1947 Tennessee Williams produced his classic play A Streetcar Named Desire. While similar in their quest to bring women’s struggles to the forefront, clashing eras resulted in different literary products. Tack on that Williams, a man, produced a work depicting the environment for females at the time, and these pieces paint a picture of two different times for women from distinct perspectives. The Yellow Wallpaper and A Streetcar Named Desire bear a striking resemblance inRead MoreGender Roles in a Streetcar Named Desire Essay1042 Words   |  5 PagesGender Roles in A Streetcar Named Desire Throughout history empowerment and marginalization has primarily been based on gender. In the play A Streetcar Named Desire, this idea of empowerment is strongly flaunted. Tennessee Williams’ characters, primarily Stanley, Blanche, Mitch, and Stella, conform the expected roles of men and women at the time. Although World War Two temporarily allowed women a place in the work force, they were dismissed from such empowerment when the war came to a close.Read MoreAnalysis of the Women Image, Blanche and Stella, in Tennessee Williams’ a Streetcar Named Desire2909 Words   |  12 PagesSTELLA, IN TENNESSEE WILLIAMS’ A STREETCAR NAMED DESIRE 1. Background of Analysis A streetcar Named Desire is a stage play that written by Tennese Wiliams. It first published in 1947 and takes place in New Orleans, Louisiana. In this play, Williams presents women as powerless, weak, and passive characters who are tightly linked to their persecutors due to economic, social, and physical needs. During the time period of Tennessee Williams, author of the play A Streetcar Named Desire, lived in,Read MoreRedefining Gender Roles Of A Streetcar Named Desire1605 Words   |  7 Pages103 8 May 2016 Dissecting Gender Roles in A Streetcar Named Desire The representation of gender roles is among the most prominent recurring subjects in theatre, literature and expressive art as we know it. Gender, and what it means to human beings, is a subject that is as difficult to precisely define as death, race, and the concept of existence. Anne Beall, Ph.D. graduate in Social Psychology at Yale University, details in her book The Psychology of Gender that â€Å"Gender is socially defined masculinityRead MoreA Streetcar Named Desire Essay1322 Words   |  6 PagesA Streetcar Named Desire Tennessee Williams was born as Thomas Lanier Williams on March 26, 1911, in Columbus, Mississippi. He is the son of Cornelius Coffin Williams and Edwina Dakin Williams. As he grew up, he heard stories about the volunteer work of his father as well as the forty-five men his mother dated before she finally decided to settle down (Forman 1). His parents separated in 1909 before his older sister Rose was born. The separation was caused by Cornelius’ problems with womanizingRead MoreSymbolism Of A Street Car Named Desire And The Yellow Wallpaper1487 Words   |  6 PagesSymbolism of One’s True Nature in A Street Car Named Desire and â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† What is humanity s true nature? Are people basically good, or basically evil? Over the centuries, many people have tried to find the answers to these questions, to no avail. Author Charlotte Perkins Gilman and Tennessee Williams take a definite stance on the issues throughout their work, arguing that people are basically evil hiding their truths. Many times, this theme is obviously stated in the stories, but sometimesRead MoreEssay On A Streetcar Named Desire1184 Words   |  5 PagesSons, or Lost in the Stars? Probably not. Why is it that today, it is still common to hear references to Stanley’s â€Å"STELL-LAHHHHH† in a Streetcar Named Desire, while few other plays of the 1940s remain relevant? First, Streetcar dared to delve into sensitive social topics, from mental illness to homosexuality to addiction, and even mortality. Tennessee Williams’ story of a young couple, Stanley and Stella, whose seemingly happy marriage is disrupted when Stella’s sist er, Blanche, comes to town and

Cause and Effect Analysis Advertising for Blood Donation

Causes and effects of advertising for blood donation Introduction To encourage people to donate blood, there is need to advertise and make people understand the effects of blood donation. Advertising encourages people to donate blood and can also be used as a reminder. Donating blood ensures that there is enough blood in the blood banks, in case of an emergency blood requirement. Showing people that by them donating blood they could be saving a life will encourage people to donate blood more frequently. This paper will analyze the effect of advertising to encourage people to donate blood. The amount of blood donated after an advertisement has been shown to increase, and this goes to show that advertising does work. Advertisements for blood donations have positive and negative effects on the community. The advertisements are in the everyday aspects of the modern society. Though the advertisements are sometimes manipulative, they make use of techniques that are controversial and the adverts appeal psychologically which encourages more blood donation.(Katsaliaki Brailsford, 2007). This paper will show that blood donations are guided by advertisements. Causes of advertising for blood donation There are many reasons of advertising for blood donations. The major cause has been low levels in the blood banks. When blood banks are running low on blood, they need to advertise to increase the blood. Without advertising, the community would not be aware of the need for donatingShow MoreRelatedResearch Report – Young Peoples’ Attitude, Behaviour and Motivation for Blood Donation3244 Words   |  13 PagesYoung peoples’ attitude, behaviour and motivation for blood donation. Table of Contents 1. Introduction 4 2. Literature review 5 3. Research objective 6 4. Methodology 8 5. Results 8 6. Discussion 12 7. Conclusions and Implications 13 8. Limitations and Recommendations 13 Abstract With one in three Australian’s needing blood in their lifetime, but only one in thirty donating, the need for the Australian Red Cross Blood Service to maximise donor recruitment and retentionRead MoreLive Right Wellness Center Is An Idea That Can Help Everyone1925 Words   |  8 Pagesthat was created to solve the problem of obesity and the related health issues that come along with it including diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure, and osteoarthritis. In Anne Arundel county, 165,000 residents die of coronary heart disease which does not meet the national standard of 103,000 (Shuch, 2015). This makes it the second leading cause of death in the county which could be helped by lower obesity rates. When you walk in the front door of Live Right Wellness Center you will beRead MoreThe Cost of Funding American Public Schools 1495 Words   |  6 Pageswe see daily plastered on everything from cars to public bathrooms and everything in between. In a rebuttal to writer Sean McCollum as it pertains to the pros and cons of corporate sponsorship in public schools, writer Joanna Blythman details one effect that corporate sponsorship can have: Business marketers have wanted to get into schools for decades. Know why? Picture rows and rows of captive students who cant leave, switch channels during the commercial, or drag away the giant machine that plugsRead MoreLevis Versus Lee2534 Words   |  11 Pagesand in-store shops. (www.levistrauss.com, 16/9/05) ADVERTISING AND PROMOTIONAL ACTIVITIES SALES PROMOTION: This is a piece of sales promotion that Levis is introducing into their stores. What it basically involves is a booth that does a full body scan of the customer and then a print out is produced that outlines the Levis styles that fit the best. These booths are situated in the actual Levis store and can in fact have the effect of drawing consumers in considering there is no otherRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility Activities at Infosys Technologies Ltd.3535 Words   |  15 PagesBirla Group, and Indian Oil Corporation, to name a few, have been involved in serving the community ever since their inception. Many other organizations have been doing their part for the society through donations and charity events. Today, CSR in India has gone beyond merely charity and donations, and is approached in a more organized fashion. It has become an integral part of the corporate strategy. Companies have CSR teams that devise specific policies, strategies and goals for their CSR programsRead MoreThe Role of Advertising in Marketing Communications9872 Words   |  40 PagesTHE ROLE OF ADVERTISING IN MARKETING COMMUNICATIONS Marketing communications: Marketing communications are the means by which firms attempt to inform, persuade, and remind consumers – directly or indirectly – about the products and brands that they sell. In a sense, marketing communications represent the â€Å"voice† of the brand and are a means by which it can establish a dialogue and build relationships with consumers. Marketing communications perform several functions for consumers. Consumers canRead MoreConstructive Action Essay5974 Words   |  24 PagesMarket Analysis, Planning Promotion The importance of effective market planning and operations. Table of Contents Abstract†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦........................................................................3 Topic Statement†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...4 Short and Long Term Goals...........................................................................................................5 Setting Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.6 Situation Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreAccounting12656 Words   |  51 PagesChapter 2—The External Environment: Opportunities, Threats, Industry Competition, and Competitor Analysis TRUE/FALSE 1. The health-related concerns in the general environment facing Philip Morris International are part of the physical segment. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: 36 OBJ: 02-01 TYPE: comprehension NOT: AACSB: Ethical Legal understanding | Management: Ethical Responsibilities | Dierdorff Rubin: Managing the task environment 2. The external environment facing business stays relativelyRead MoreThe 7 Doors Model for Designing Evaluating Behaviour Change Programs13191 Words   |  53 Pagesathletes have benefited | | | |enormously from improved understanding of nutrition, muscle mechanics, and body | | | |chemistry. Similarly, international political analysis has profited greatly from the | | | |introduction of game theory from mathematics, agriculture from gene research and the | | | |sociology of innovation and, managementRead MoreEssay on Marketing Strategy Report of Panda Restaurant Group3614 Words   |  15 PagesPRG also faces so many challenges caused by diverse cultures and market changes. This research provides marketing strategies for PRG after the analysis of External Environment Trends, Internal Analysis and Consumer Behavior. Key Words: External Environment Trends, Consumer Behavior, Market Segmentation, Target Segment, SWOT analysis, 4P analysis. 1.1 Mission Statement: â€Å"Deliver exceptional Asian dining experiences by building an organization where people are inspired to better their

Hamlet Essay Introduction Example For Students

Hamlet Essay Introduction A monologue from the play by William ShakespeareHAMLET: To be, or not to bethat is the question:Whether tis nobler in the mind to sufferThe slings and arrows of outrageous fortuneOr to take arms against a sea of troublesAnd by opposing end them. To die, to sleepNo moreand by a sleep to say we endThe heartache, and the thousand natural shocksThat flesh is heir to. Tis a consummationDevoutly to be wished. To die, to sleepTo sleepperchance to dream: ay, theres the rub,For in that sleep of death what dreams may comeWhen we have shuffled off this mortal coil,Must give us pause. Theres the respectThat makes calamity of so long life. For who would bear the whips and scorns of time,Th oppressors wrong, the proud mans contumelyThe pangs of despised love, the laws delay,The insolence of office, and the spurnsThat patient merit of th unworthy takes,When he himself might his quietus makeWith a bare bodkin? Who would fardels bear,To grunt and sweat under a weary life,But that the dread of something after death,The undiscovered country, from whose bournNo traveller returns, puzzles the will,And makes us rather bear those ills we haveThan fly to others that we know not of?Thus conscience does make cowards of us all,And thus the native hue of resolutionIs sicklied oer with the pale cast of thought,And enterprise of great pitch and momentWith this regard their currents turn awryAnd lose the name of action. Soft you now,The fair Ophelia! Nymph, in thy orisonsBe all my sins remembered.

Rising Cost of Living free essay sample

Today, rising cost of living is an everyday theme. In the bus, at the office and at the market, almost all conversations revolve around the rising prices. Increase of general price levels is generally known as ‘inflation’. The common man feels the inflation when the prices of his consumer goods go up. He feels the rising cost of living with each increase of bus fare, bread prices and utility bill prices. The causes a lot of social problems which at its extreme form, cause social unrest. Over the years, our wants and needs have increased. In the early days, the father of a family would be the sole breadwinner and with his earnings, his family will build a house, educate the children and save for the future. As the economy developed our wants and needs have got complicated. In food, clothes and almost all consumer goods, there is a wide variety and greater choice. We will write a custom essay sample on Rising Cost of Living or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page With variety and choice, comes the price to pay. Cost of living can rise due to various reasons. Prices of vegetables depend heavily on supply side shocks. Too much or too little rain could raise the prices of vegetables. Rain also has an effect on the fish prices. The unrest in the Northern Province could also contribute to the distribution difficulties and may tend to upscale the prices. Almost all prices of food items and other consumables could go up on the increase of transport costs. The largest share of Sri Lanka’s import bill is for importation of oil. Any oil price shock, due to unrest in the middle east, terrorism, political volatilities or lack of supplies due to other reasons could see a sharp increase in the oil prices. When petrol and especially diesel prices go up, all price levels tend to increase. The high cost of living can be generally attributed to the escalating oil prices. Since a country cannot be self sufficient in every way, it is difficult to find a solution for the rising prices in isolation. Cultivation of rice, vegetables and fruits may generally lower their prices. Any incentive given to the paddy and other agri farmers today could therefore yield benefits for the whole society in the future. At the same time, it is necessary to find alternatives energy sources to oil. Sri Lanka is yet to extract its oil reserves and there I hope that at the time of excavation, the prices of oil n our country would substantially come down. Cost of living is felt by everyone. It is difficult to curb the rising cost of living, unless some long term policy measures are adopted by a country. The agriculture sector should be empowered to produce more food to cater to the needs of the society. People should be made ware of the local substitutes for imported goods and should be encourage d to appreciate local goods. If enough food, live stock and fisheries are produced within the country, the cost of food could be lowered and it will relieve a great burden resting on the families.

Homing In and Plain Honing

Homing In and Plain Honing Homing In and Plain Honing Homing In and Plain Honing By Maeve Maddox Kristi Landis writes: When one wants to get more detail on something is it called â€Å"homes in† or â€Å"hones in†? Until I researched this question, I knew of only two uses of hone as a verb: the literal meaning of â€Å"to sharpen,† as on a whetstone (also known as a â€Å"hone†), and the figurative meaning â€Å"to improve,† as in â€Å"to hone one’s skills.† Hone Your Skills: Become A Better Data Center Manager Honing Skills: This section is devoted to articles on honing and improving your writing skills, by editing, critiquing or discussion. Tomko looks to hone his skills during â€Å"lull† in WWE career Surgeons Hone Skills on Nintendo Wii The OED also gives these dialect meanings for hone as a verb: to delay, tarry, hesitate; to whine or pine for; to hanker after. I’ve heard and read the expression â€Å"to hone in† used with the sense of focus on or get closer to, but always assumed that it was a mistake for â€Å"to home in.† Ive always assumed that the expression to home in originated with â€Å"homing pigeons that return to the place they were hatched. However, in the OED examples of early use, â€Å"home† is used without the â€Å"in†: 1875 Live Stock Jrnl. 23 Apr. 57/3 Pigeons home by sight and instinct. 1899 Westm. Gaz. 12 Apr. 9/1 The first [pigeon] homed at nine oclock. The homing habits of pigeons may have caused aircraft technology to adopt the verb: 1920 Wireless World Mar. 728/2 The pilot can detect instantly from the signals, especially if ‘homing’ towards a beacon. 1956 Amer. Speech XXXI. 228 A good officer could even ‘home in on a bottle of whisky’ placed on the landing field. This use of â€Å"home in on’ is used figuratively to describe other ways in which one comes closer to an object or subject of importance: 1971 New Scientist 16 Sept. 629/1 Mexicos Professor S. F. Beltran homed in on education as a critical need. Substituting â€Å"hone† for â€Å"home† in the expression may have begun as an eggcorn, but it has become common enough for the OED to give it its own entry: intr. to hone in. To head directly for something; to turn ones attention intently towards something. Usu. with â€Å"on†. Cf. HOME Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:What is the Difference Between "These" and "Those"?Driver License vs. Driver’s LicenseAffect vs. Effect

What Are the Ivy League Schools Should You Go to One

What Are the Ivy League Schools Should You Go to One SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips When we hear the phrase â€Å"Ivy League†, most of us probably think of rich people who tie sweaters around their necks. Believe it or not, there’s a lot more to it than that. The Ivy League is a group of elite colleges that have a long history of impressive achievements and notable alumni. But how did this come about? And what are these schools really like? Read on to learn more about the formation of the Ivy League, its member schools, and whether you should consider applying. A Brief History of the Ivy League The Ivy League consists of eight of the oldest and most prestigious universities in the United States.These schools originally formed a league based on their common interests in both academics and athletics. The Complete List of Ivy League Schools: Brown University (founded 1746) Columbia University (founded 1754) Cornell University (founded 1865) Dartmouth College (founded 1769) Harvard University (founded 1636) University of Pennsylvania, AKAUPenn (founded 1740) Princeton University (founded 1746) Yale University (founded 1702) Even though the schools themselves date back to well before the American Revolution, the term â€Å"Ivy League† has been around for a shorter time than you might think. The most popular origin story is that the term wascoined in the early 1930s by a sportswriter for the New York Herald-Tribunewho complained about covering a football game between Columbia and UPenn instead of a game featuring his alma mater, Fordham University. He somewhat disdainfully referred to Columbia and UPenn as old "ivy-covered" schools and was the first to use the term "Ivy League" in the article that followed. The label didn't become official until 1945, when the presidents of the eight schools got together to form an agreement â€Å"for the purpose of reaffirming their intention of continuing intercollegiate football in such a way as to maintain the values of the game, while keeping it in fitting proportion to the main purposes of academic life.''Essentially, they made it their mission to work together to balance athletics and academics at the colleges (originally just football, but later extended to other sports). They would call themselves the Ivy League. The Ivy League is kind of like the Justice League, except back when it was originally formed only rich white dudes could be a part of it. Well, I guess that's mostly true for the Justice League too. Now I'm depressed. Two inter-university committees were formed, one that enforced the rules of eligibility for Ivy League sports (mostly comprised of college deans) and one that established general athletic policies (comprised of athletic directors).Starting in the mid-1950s, these schools began to organize competitions amongst each other in a variety of sports.The Ivy League later added committees for admission and financial aid as the organization took on a more academic focus. Although the creation of the Ivy League was rooted in athletics, nowadays these schools are known for their academic prestige and famous alumni.All the Ivy League collegeshave large endowments that are the product of wealthy alumni contributions over the years.Ivy League schools are often seen as symbols of elitism because they attract students who come from legacies of wealth, but they offer some great financial aid packages to disadvantaged students because of their large endowments. They represent some of the most selective and well-known colleges in the country.The schools of the Ivy League have had more time than most other colleges to build up their reputations through the accumulation of highly successful graduates.In addition to competitive undergraduate programs, Ivy League universitiesoffer some of the best professional programs for law and medicine. Gavel Banging 101 is by far the best law school class, but the finals can be a little chaotic. Ivy League Schools: The Specifics For each of the Ivy League colleges, I’ll list enrollment, admissions, and tuition statistics so you can get a better idea of how they differ from one another: School Location Undergrad Enrollment Admit Rate Yearly Cost US News Rank Brown Providence, RI 6,320 9% $62,046 14 Columbia New York City, NY 8,613 6% $68,825 4 Cornell Ithaca, NY 14,315 14% $67,613 out-of-state; $50,869 NY residents 15 Dartmouth Hanover, NH 4,289 10.5% $66,174 12 Harvard Cambridge, MA 6,700 5.2% $60,659 2 UPenn Philadelphia, PA 10,406 9.4% $63,526 9 Princeton Princeton, NJ 5,275 6.5% $63,690 1 Yale Hartford, CT 5,477 6.3% $63,970 3 Are Ivy League Schools Really Better Than Other Universities? The members of the Ivy League may be some of the most prestigious colleges in the country, but will they actually give you a better education than other schools with similar acceptance rates? The main reason an Ivy League school might be better than any other top-tier university is due to name recognition. Adiploma from an Ivy League collegemay open doors for you because employers and graduate school admissions officers will know immediately that you went to an extremely competitive school.Ivy League universitieshave great international reputations that not many other colleges can claim.You’ll also get the opportunity to network with highly successful and influential alumni. Still, you should keep in mind that there are major differences between schools within the Ivy League in terms of reputation. The traditional top three, Harvard, Yale, and Princeton, are seen as somewhat more impressive than less selective Ivies like Cornell or Dartmouth. They're all well-respected schools, but getting into one Ivy League school isn't equivalentto getting into all of them. For this and other reasons, it's risky to assume that Ivy League grads will end up more â€Å"successful† overall than other students. Success ismore about a student’s inherent drive and ability than which school he or she ends up attending.One study found that â€Å"the better predictor of earnings was the average SAT scores of the most selective school a teenager applied to and not the typical scores of the institution the student attended.†In other words, students who applied to Ivy League-caliber schools but ended up attending less selective colleges fared no worse than their elite school counterparts. Ambition is one of the most important factors in success. It's also a good idea to carry a heavy briefcase at all times. People are more likely to hire you if you have one disproportionately strong arm. The truth is that Ivy League collegesdon’t always have the highest quality of instruction for undergraduate students. Overall, they tend to be very focused on doing academic research to maintain their position at the forefront of academia.Professors may be less interested in teaching than they are in their personal projects.You could end up with a better learning experience at a small, highly selective college that exclusively enrolls undergraduate students because the professors are there primarily to teach. Ivy League collegesalso aren’t the only schoolswhere you’ll derive inspiration from the amazing things the students around you are doing.There are many selective colleges and universities around the country that attract highly motivated students and have learning environments that will challenge you.Though the Ivies have high concentrations of intense students, they definitely don’t have a monopoly on undergraduate talent. In summary, here's a chart that details how different types of non-Ivy universities compare to Ivy League schools. A plus sign indicates that this type of college is arguably better than Ivy League schools in the category specified on the left. A minus sign indicates that it's not quite as good. An equals sign indicates that the type of college is comparable to the colleges of the Ivy League. Top Tier Research Universities (Stanford, MIT) Top Tier Small Teaching Colleges (Amherst, Pomona) Slightly Lower RankedUniversities (16-30 US News) Reputation (National and International) = - - Undergraduate Teaching = + = Research Opportunities = - = Graduate School Potential = = - Caliber of Students = = - Should You Apply to Ivy League Schools? The prospect of going to an Ivy League universitymight sound great, but before you decide to apply, you should take a few different factors into consideration. Here's what you need to do before sending in an application. Check Your Qualifications For it to be worth applying to any of these schools, you should be performing at a very high level academically.Even at the Ivies with acceptance rates above 10 percent (Cornell, Dartmouth, UPenn), serious applicants have very impressive high school transcripts and test scores.At Cornell, for example, the average SAT score for admitted students is a 2170. If you want to have a strong chance of admission at most of the Ivies, you should shoot for at least a 2200 SAT score or a 33 ACT score.The GPAs of most students who are accepted to Ivy League universitiesare at or close to a 4.0. It’s expected that you will have taken the hardest courses in high school and be at least in the top 5-10 percent of your class. As you might know, Harvard, Yale, and Princeton are the most notoriously selective of the Ivies (although Columbia has snuck up on them in recent years).To get into these schools, you should have great test scores and grades plus other impressive and unique accomplishments that will distinguish your application.This could be anything from winning a national science fair competition to starting your own business to writing a novel.Read this article to learn more about how to get into the most ridiculously selective schools. If most other applicants are the little pink flowers, you need to be the big pink tree. Or better yet, be the mountain. Do Your Research OK, so you think you probably have a chance of acceptance. Should you just apply to Princeton because the name sounds like some sort of magical kingdom of learning?Definitely not! Eventhough all the Ivy League collegeshave great academics and highly motivated student bodies, some will fit your preferences better than others.You might decide that none of them are the right fit for you even though you have the appropriate qualifications. You could be more interested in applying to colleges locatedin a different area of the country.There are some great schools on the west coast that are at the same level as the Ivies (think Stanford) without the nasty winter weather.If you’re interested in very small or very large colleges, you might not want to go to an Ivy League school.The smallest, Dartmouth, has between 4 and 5 thousand undergraduates, and the largest, Cornell, has between 14 and 15 thousand, so all of these schools are more in the middle range for size. If possible, you should visit the campuses of schools that interest you, so you can get a feel for what they’re like.When I was looking at colleges, I considered applying to Princeton, but when I went on a campus tour, I decided that it seemed like too intense of a place for me. I ended up choosing Dartmouth because I felt like it had a more comfortable atmosphere with a close-knit community and a campus that encouraged outdoor activities. These are just some of the factors you could consider depending on what’s most important to you.Other concerns might include financial aid, research opportunities and facilities, quality of undergraduate teaching, study abroad options, and more.Don’t apply to an Ivy just because you’ve heard of the school before. Check outmy guide on how to do college research for more detailed information! Plus, you'll get some practice for doing research in college! Fake fun fact: Ivy League libraries provide hideous complimentary glasses to all students to prevent them from flirting with each other while studying. Make Sure the Decision Is Yours I think this idea is important enough to be its own point even though it ties into doing your research.Most of us have it drilled into our heads from a relatively young age that going to anIvy League university is the best way to prove once and for all that you’re a card-carrying smart person (even as I’m joking, I’m also cringing).It’s so hard not to be influenced by this societal norm, especially if your parents, teachers, and even peers are pushing you to go to one of these schools.I know I was influenced by it, and I sometimes wish I had made a different decision that was more firmly based on my personality and interests rather than what others expected of me. Remember that going to an Ivy League universityisn’t something that you have to do just because you can.If you genuinely love one of these schools, then go for it, but if there’s another college that fits your needs better, you shouldn’t feel pressured to go to an Ivy instead.There are plenty of great colleges out there, and you should take the time to think about what you really want before you make a choice.This will be your life for four years, so make sure you get to enjoy it! "Dear Diary, I hate it here at Harvard. Crimson is a terrible color. I wish my parents weren't so obsessed with obscure shades of red." What's Next? If you're interested in attending an Ivy League school, you'll need to take the most difficult courses your high school offers. Find out how many AP classes Ivy League universitiesexpect you to take based on the options available at your school. Recommendation letters are an important component of most college applications, but if you're aiming for an Ivy League school, you should be especially careful about quality control. Read our complete guide to getting an outstanding recommendation letter for Harvard (or any other highly selective college!). All of the Ivies recommend or require that students take two SAT Subject Tests. Learn more about what constitutes a good SAT Subject Test score if you're aiming for an elite college. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Pick one of the poems from this module and EXPLICATE it Essay

Pick one of the poems from this module and EXPLICATE it - Essay Example is crucial in communicating the meaning of the poem in that it allows the audience to read the poem not only as a account of the African – American suffering but also as a racial statement aimed at restoring the pride of the African –American. The narrative voice, stanzas, figures of speech and the diction in the â€Å"Negro† are orchestrated to communicate one or more of the following tones: pride, sad and hopelessness. The resultant mood of these tones makes the tone the most important element of the poem than the words used to describe the events of the poem. The tones of pride, sad and hopelessness are established through the element of the narrative voice. The first person point of view establishes the speaker’s intimate relationship with the narrated events. However, the narration of events is marked by underlying tone; this tone can be established from the narrative voice. The voice does not lay much emphasis on the description of events yet it has a profound effect on the feelings of the audience, this is the effect of tone. The events are stated without too many details yet the effect is achieved. The effect of the tone on the audience is meant to align their feelings with the specific moods created. Langston capitalizes on tone to convey meaning of words. â€Å" I am a Negro/ Black as the night is black/ Black like the depths of my Africa† (1-3). Without factoring the role of the tone, the stanza would be reduced to a mere explanation of the narrator’s color and origin. The bold tone in which these words are c onveyed are crucial in understanding the meaning of these words as an affirmation of the Negro’s pride in his color and heritage. It is clear the speaker is stating what the audience already knows. (Campbell 65) argues that the mention of Negro is enough for the audience to imagine his color and place his roots making it irrelevant in deducting meaning in this context. The relevance of the tone in deducting the intended message renders

Material Values in A Raisan in the Sun Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Material Values in A Raisan in the Sun - Essay Example Walter Younger, the son of the family, was portrayed as the one who is always after money, so he can invest in business and emerge successful. â€Å"No—it was always money, Mama. We just didn't know about it.† (Hansberry 34). Although, he has noble target of achieving success, his path to achieve that by mainly going for money even while hurting others, makes him a kind of antagonist of the story. However, Walter towards the end of the play realizes his mistake and transforms into a supportive figure and even the protagonist. He emerges as the central character, and fully supports his family as they wish to own a large house in a developed area. When the Youngers buy an independent house in a predominant white locality of Clybourne Park, they were dissuaded by the White people residing there. One of the men from that group, Mr. Lindner, on behalf of the other white people, even goes to the extend of bribing the Youngers to prevent them from moving into the Clybourne Par k. The whole Younger family is struggling financially, but still they refuse to accept the money. Although Walter loses majority of the insurance money because of the cheating by one of his friends, he stands up for his family’s wishes and refuses to accepts the money. Walter believes that buying and living in that particular house as wished by his father will provide him more honor than acquiring material values. If the Youngers’ family had received money from Mr. Lindner, the dreams of each family member would have actualized but that would at the cost of values. Mama, the matriarch of the family, firmly refuses the money. â€Å"†¦nobody in my family never let nobody pay'em no money that was a way of telling us we wasn't fit to walk the earth...We ain't never been that - dead inside† (Hansberry 34). The refusal of the Youngers’ to accept money even when they needed it and thus holding on to their house, exhibits how they hold self-worth and honor m ore dearer than material wealth. Walter loses the insurance money, after his friend Willy Harris escapes somewhere with the money provided by Walter for their business initiative to set up a liquor store. Although he failed personally, he learns quick lessons and understands that achievement of his family’s dream particularly of his dead father could give more satisfaction than the achievement of his personal dream. Walter believes that the new house was indirectly earned by his father through his insurance money for them, â€Å"We have decided to move into our house because my father—my father—he earned it for us brick by brick.† (Hansberry 37). Thus, he puts optimum efforts, even avoiding the temptation of easy money, to buy and stay in the house of their choice. Youngers’ family is aware of the fact that if they reside in Clybourne Park, they could face numerous race related problems from the white people, who reside there. For their part, they gave the commitment that they would have good relationship with the neighbors, without taking any racial stance. â€Å"We don't want to make no trouble for nobody or fight no causes, and we will try to be good neighbors. And that's all we got to say about that. We don't want your money.† (Hansberry 37). However they continue with their decision to

Condoleeza Rice Essay Example for Free

Condoleeza Rice Essay Upon assumption of her post as State Secretary, Condoleeza Rice has taken steps to bring the State Department under her control. As part of the broad restructuring of the diplomatic corps and under the guise of transformational diplomacy, Rice has shifted hundreds of Foreign Service positions from Europe and Washington to difficult assignments in the Middle East and elsewhere. As evidence of her aim for transformational diplomacy, Rice has even gone to the extent of announcing that diplomats will not be promoted to senior ranks unless they accept assignment in dangerous posts or gain expertise in at least two regions. Even though this move by the State Secretary has been viewed as overwhelming at the least, it has proven nevertheless that Secretary Rice is serious in giving diplomacy and the foreign service a new focus. Whereas diplomats and foreign service personnel focus more on career advancement and development, Rice’s issue of this prerogative as State Secretary, to indeed has improved the administration’s views on foreign policies. Ultimately, it is estimated that about one-third of the 6,400 foreign service positions will be affected in the coming years because of this order. However, it could be said that Rice’s plans are just part of a grand plan to have broader authority over a range of foreign assistance and policy programs thereby ending in politicizing of foreign assistance. For instance, Rice’s plan of restructuring US foreign assistance and elevating the USAID post, specifically the nomination of Randall L. Tobias as the new administrator of the U. S. Agency for International Development, would give the former a rank equivalent of deputy secretary of State. This move is obviously intended to draw the agency closer to the department although it short of a merger between USAID and the State. Moreover, this will give the director broader authorities over a variety of foreign assistance accounts that are managed by separate entities. As Jim Bishop opined, â€Å"We’re concerned that the same priority won’t be given to long-term development as resources are siphoned to support shorter-term diplomatic or military objectives† (Bishop). But it cannot be denied that this restructuring will definitely have ramifications to the diplomatic corps and the State Department as a whole. While it is good that as State Secretary has taken steps to give diplomats the wide experience and expertise in foreign relations before being promoted to a senior rank, such move has subsequently declared to the whole world that the State Department is run by an iron fist. I believe that this management policy would later on prove detrimental to the State Department as there would be thousands of foreign service personnel who will be affected by this order. Instead of being able to focus on the foreign policies advanced by the diplomats, they might rather focus on how to keep their posts and their career. This would mean lesser accomplishment for the promotion of US foreign policies. As Rice has been continuously promoting the idea of transformational diplomacy, she particularly describes it as a shift from merely reporting on events to influencing them to foster the growth of democratic states worldwide (Kessler and Graham). Part of Rice’s plans it to expand US presence in areas where there are only one-person diplomatic posts such Alexandria in Egypt and Medan, Indonesia and bring diplomats closer to the streets unto the pulse of the locale instead of barricading themselves in fortified embassies. The State Department also plans to expand the use of interactive Web sites maintained by diplomats to communicate with foreign citizens, promote the creation of rapid-reaction forces to deal with regional problems and seek to work more closely with military officers to promote the stability of nation conflicts (Rice, interview). The above-mentioned plans for the State’s foreign policies on the other hand would need to be reviewed as most of them seemed to be too grand themes that it might be impossible to accomplish or see the success of even just one policy. For example, Rice’s plan to work more closely with military officers in order to promote the stability of nation conflicts can definitely be considered a far-fetched plan if not hilarious at best. Aside from US allies, the United States has been considerably viewed as being arrogant and pushing its nose on issues not her own. The war in Iraq is a classic example of this. While the Iraqis were happy with the ouster of President Saddam Hussein, they however, were resentful of the continued military presence of the US armed forces in their country. Even the Iraqi soldiers whom the US worked closely with during the invasion and ouster of Saddam Hussein dislike the US policy of â€Å"keeping and maintaining peace† in the Middle East. Moreover, Rice’s plan to promote the creation of rapid-reaction forces to deal with regional problems can be considered as meddling in internal affairs of each country. Foreign diplomats and ambassadors, while representatives of the US government and its interests in a particular country certainly cannot meddle in regional affairs lest it will send a signal of political mistrust on the part of the United States to the country concerned. So long as the interests of the United States are not at risk, the US cannot interfere and force itself and its foreign policies on a country. Perhaps, Rice inadvertently forgot that foreign countries are beyond her control unlike the US State Department where she reigns. The most that she could do is to place pressure on the country only if US interests are at stake. On the other hand, Rice’s may have already succeeded in her efforts to bring the State Department under her control as she already lectured her senior staff about the dangers of media leaks. Thus, normally talkative officials have been observed to speak in carefully hushed tones. But her manner of administration can also considered a perfect example of leadership as she makes sure that she knows the whereabouts of her most senior staff, and once discussed with them a problematic newspaper article in North Korea policy. But nonetheless, Rice knows the power of the media and the messages as well as images it portrays to the whole world. Thus, her staff gives particular attention to the images and shots of Rice around the globe. Moreover, while she emphasizes to her staff the perils of media leaks, she on the other, has mastered the art of dodging questions from reporters that might be detrimental to the points she outlined for her speeches and conferences. In fact, she would often ignore questions that may inadvertently raise sore issues about Bush’s campaigns for democracy. This method practiced by Rice has considerably been sending mixed signals to the world. While it may appear that she is sincere in her efforts to effect the proposed changes in the State Department and the promotion of US foreign policy, it would nonetheless appear as well that she hesitates to trust the media and the world as well to tell them the truth herself. If I were on the part of the reporters, I would find incessantly disturbing that the State Secretary would not want to answer impromptu questions, much less questions that are not in her agenda. As she is the considered the â€Å"face† of the State Department, it would have been better had she practiced the art of being able to connect more with the media. But as I mentioned earlier, Rice seemed to be sending mixed signals and this would be better explained in my discussion of her promotion of democracy. Promotion of Democracy Condoleeza Rice has been repeatedly giving the relentless message to the international community that may have portrayed the State Department as a communications machine of the White House. Since her appointment as the Secretary of State she has articulated the promotion of democracy to any place which needs it. As she told a group of students in Sophia University in Tokyo, Japan, â€Å"We are not going to turn a blind eye to the human desire for freedom anywhere in the world† (Rice). Thus, this statement or something like it has become her rallying point and mantra in promoting democracy and perhaps justifying Bush’s decision to invade Iraq in retaliation to the September 11 attack by terrorists. In contrast to Colin Powell who was known as being an independent operator and has had his share of debates regarding the State Department’s foreign policies with the administration, Rice, on the other hand is seen as bringing the views of the White House into the State Department. This may be attributed to Rice’s loyalty to Bush whom she worked closely with during the Presidential elections. While Powell was uncomfortable giving out speeches that seemed to portray grand schemes and themes, Rice, however loves to give them out in news conferences, interviews and speeches. Rice has delivered major policy addresses designed to place President Bush’s vision with a larger strategic framework (Kessler). For example, while in Paris, she addressed a well-received speech that may have helped lay the groundwork for an agreement with European officials on confronting Iran over its nuclear programs. Then in Tokyo, she outlined a new U. S. vision of Japan’s increasing importance as a global power and challenged China to work harder to â€Å"embrace some form of open and generally representative government† (Kessler). Rice also never fails to insert her love for tourism and the arts into her responsibilities in promoting democracy and US foreign policies. According to aides, these visits demonstrates respect and interest in a country’s heritage and culture, thus, photo-ops are ensured to make Rice look good for the global audience. For example, while Rice was in Beijing, she attended a Sunday church service which although was a private visit and described her as a deeply political woman, it gave another significance as well. It shows Rice’s criticism of China’s lack of religious freedom. As mentioned earlier, Rice has cautioned her staff regarding media leaks and its implications, but nevertheless uses its power in furtherance of her responsibilities to the international community. As such, Rice has brought new media sophistication to an agency that long prided itself on its focus on policy not image. She has dropped Powell’s practice of talking to reporters in front of the glass doors of the State Department after he escorted foreign officials to their cars. Instead, she brings reporters upstairs to the more visually striking Benjamin Franklin room, reminiscent of the rooms in the White House, where she sits with foreign dignitaries in front of a fireplace (Kessler). All these are examples of what Condoleeza Rice is capable of doing despite being the first black woman in history to hold such post. Weapons of Mass Destruction The Bush administration has been washed and plagued with its decision to attack Iraq in response to the terrorist attack on September 11, linking the Al Qaeda and Iraq together. But there was no other person that supported this decision with much ardour than then-National Security Adviser Condoleeza Rice. Despite the ramifications that resulted in not finding the weapons of mass destruction that Saddam Hussein and Iraq allegedly harboured, Rice is firm in her belief that they did the right strategic decision although she admits that they have made tactical errors. Even before she was confirmed for the appointment of Secretary of State, Rice faced almost nine hours of gruelling questioning before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee in her role in helping the President decide to invade Iraq. While her detractors have pointed out that the administration had made the mistake of invading Iraq over the alleged weapons of mass destruction, Rice on the other insisted that the war in Iraq was not launched solely over the weapons of mass destruction. Accordingly, the deposed Iraqi President Saddam Hussein welcomed terrorists and attacked his neighbors, all the while paying suicide bombers to aggravate the conflict between the Israelis and Palestinians. For Rice, Saddam Hussein has been an international threat for a long time and that he must be taken out and stopped. Although we can justify Rice’s position with regard to the invasion of Iraq at that time, we cannot deny however that she and the administration has focused so much on the Iraqi threat that the administration may have unconsciously allowed other terrorism hot spots such as Somalia, Indonesia and the Philippines to grow and train. But then again, as Rice claims, she does study terrorist reports everyday and have been taking measures without disrupting international peace efforts and mediation. Regarding the Israeli-Palestinian conflict for example, Rice claims that the United States is willing to support the government of new Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas but withholds that Arab states must crack down on the incitement of hatred against Israel (CNN). It is evident nonetheless that the administration have focused so much on the Iraqi problem, spending close to $300 billion dollars to disarm the alleged weapons that turned out were not there and spent only $1 billion a year that are sure to exist such as in North Korea. This particular attitude may have been totally in disagreement with what she claimed when she was still the National Security Adviser. According to her, past administrations have permitted defense budgets to decline after the Cold War to a point where the resources were not matching the multiple missions that were asked from the armed forces to perform. This has led the administration to think of foreign assistance and policy at a different light. For the Bush administration, the real goal for each country is to be prepared internally in order to grow economically as well. But as more people are getting aware of, Rice and Bush has indeed focused so much on the war on terrorism and against Iraq that it has failed to address other issues instead of focusing on the other responsibilities of the State Department. While it may be true that the problem of terrorism has grown to such huge proportion, the State Department should not have solely focused on such as there are still other ways in order to combat terrorism. Many political scientists and sociologists claim that foremost in the reason for the spread of terrorism is poverty and economic unrest. People from poverty-stricken countries like Somalia would do everything to continue living so it is inevitable that they would attach themselves to any entity or groups that could fill their stomachs with food in return for doing service for them. Had the State Department focused on policies that helped countries alleviate hunger and poverty, these countries would have not resorted to the use of force and instead would help the United States in its efforts to combat terrorism. Key Issues of Foreign Policy Among Condoleeza Rice’s claim on key issues regarding US foreign policies is to maintain confidence in the American commitment to justice and the rule of law. As such, she has for example urged the international community to act with great speed and deal with the humanitarian crisis in Darfur region in Sudan. Despite the US’ qualm regarding the United Nations International Criminal Court’s responsibility to try Darfur war criminals, claiming that the ICC powers are unchecked by any controlling authority, she has nevertheless showed US support on the resolution. Although she has already made it clear that the United States’ stand regarding the ICC remained unchanged, she asserted that the situation in Darfur was an extraordinary circumstance in which crimes against humanity are clearly being committed and that the world cannot afford further delay in addressing it (Gollust). Moreover, according to Rice, the US had no desire to be world’s jailer and that Washington wanted the terrorists that capture stand trial. Thus, although the United States had another alternate idea for a Darfur war crimes court to be set up in Tanzania but drawing little support instead, have agreed to accept the resolution that empowered the ICC in trying Darfur war crimes. Rice also averred that the use of force is not what is on the agenda now, particularly on the issues of Iran and North Korea’s nuclear programmes. Although they have condemned these countries’ nuclear programmes, Rice nevertheless maintains that they will not take the matters into their own hands and never take any option off the table but would also leave it to the United Nations to decide on the matter. On the other hand, the United States would continue to enhance its close ties with Britain in its fight against terrorism. Both the United States and Britain had been specifically staunch in their efforts to disarm Iraq for its alleged weapons of mass destructions and considering that Britain is among the economically well-favored nations, maintaining friendly and close relations with the country would not only help the United States in its efforts to combat terrorism but to also maintain its excellent economic ties. But we also have to applaud Rice’s guts as she does not hesitate to send stern diplomatic messages to countries that displease her or what she considers as those at the wrong side of freedom. For instance, she explicitly cancelled her trip to the Middle East when Egypt failed to respond to her request of releasing an imprisoned political figure. She also withdrew the US Ambassador from Syria when a former Lebanese prime minister was killed in a bomb blast and contented that additional sanctions might be taken under the Syrian Accountability Act. Conclusion The Secretary of State has enormous responsibility not only to the State Department but to the country as well. As for Condoleeza Rice, she is accountable for whatever decisions and advices that might have gone through her and passed on to the President for final decision. Thus, despite the criticisms that go along with her job, we can safely conclude that in the short years that Condoleeza Rice has replaced Colin Powell, she definitely has made some changes and although her decisions in running the State Department may at times be impugned, the changes under her remarkably had made differences in the Department. Whereas before, foreign service personnel and diplomats were more concerned with their respective career advancement, Rice has made sure that this practice is stopped and that diplomats live up with the expectations and demand of representing the United States to the various international posts. Moreover, Rice’s stance on the administration’s decision to invade Iraq despite the ramifications of such action has proved that she will do everything and that she will continue to defend her and that of the president’s actions. Although it is not difficult to hate and condemn her for methods in acting as the Secretary of State, we can however, commend her because of her ability to express her displeasure on issues that are of importance to her and the US interest.

Symbols and Symbolism in To Kill A Mockingbird - Symbols, Themes and Characters :: Kill Mockingbird essays

   To Kill A Mockingbird - Symbols, Themes and Characters       Now, you're probably wondering what is To Kill A Mockingbird all about? Well that is what I am going to be telling you about in this paper. You will find out that To Kill A Mockingbird is full of different themes, symbols, conflicts and many different characters.    There is a theme of a coexistence of good and evil in this novel. Harper dramatizes Scout and Jem's transition from a perspective of childhood innocence. Many of the characters assume that people are good because they have never seen evil. So in result to this Tom Robinson and Boo Radley are not fully prepared for the evil that they meet up with, and as a result of that they are destroyed.    There are a lot of different social classes in this story. The Finches are on the top of the social list in Maycomb. And then the farmers are underneath them. Then whom they call the white trash is underneath the farmers. Even though the blacks are much more gifted than some of those people they are still underneath those white trash people. This is the main topic of the whole story. A black man gets accused of attacking a white lady...but he probably wouldn't even be in the position that he was in if he was white. To Kill A Mockingbird shows the destructive attitude that whites have against blacks. Not so much the period we live in but it still exists.    There is also theme of an education of children. The children are taught to move from innocence to adulthood. At the end of the book which only scans through about two years of Scout's life. He knows almost everything about algebra. This theme is explored by the relationship between Atticus and his kids. Unsympathetic teachers confront Scout a lot through the story. The most important lessons are those of sympathy and understanding. Miss Caroline's commitment to the educational techniques that she has learned in college and it makes her ineffective and dangerous.    Also, there are some symbols in this story that are very important to the overall story itself. Throughout To Kill A Mockingbird, one will observe that nearly every character is a mockingbird.

Fast Food Popularity

Fast food is a huge growth in our country. Fast food restaurants are constantly trying to increase their popularity growth by lowering prices and getting faster food service technology. With this said there is a huge competition between fast food restaurants all around increasing there popularity. There are many key factors to the reasons why popularity of fast food keeps on growing. It is believed that price may be a contributing factor to the increase in popularity of fast food. However, laziness is the main cause.Fast food restaurants can make a whole meal in just minutes unlike making food at home. The time it takes us to buy and cook food, fast food restaurants can make a large group of people food. People these days are becoming lazier because of the amount of inventions people are making and the way everything is becoming less complicated. What makes people lazy, when going to a fast food restaurant instead of cooking, is that they will drive to get there food then wait for it to be cooked and then drive home and eat it.That shows how they are just too lazy to get up and cook their own food. The technology fast food providers are coming out with is making them faster and faster which is also increasing the amount of popularity of each restaurant. The time it takes to get our food is a big factor in the growth of that restaurant. Fast Food restaurants are located almost everywhere you drive in the United States and more. With fast food restaurants pretty much everywhere, it makes them even more popular.There is a bigger selection of fast food restaurants then there are stores to buy food at. Almost every road we drive on has advertisement of a fast food restaurant on a sign. Even television has many advertisements that grab children’s attention as well as others. There are approximately 65 different types of fast food restaurants internationally. That is not including all the Mexican, pizza, ice-cream and so on. With this number of restaurants to c hoose from it makes people have an easy choice of where to go.The price we pay to make food at home don’t compare to a one dollar burger at a Fast Food restaurant. Cheap food is a great way to getting the popularity of a restaurant to grow. People don’t like spending a lot of money on food so they have the choice of a dollar menu at most fast food restaurants. Some people don’t make as much money as others which makes them decide to go the cheap way out by buying fast food instead of having to pay more to get a homemade dinner. Although the meal may not be as healthy as a homemade meal, the price pays off in their mind.Some days we just are too busy to be able to cook so the first thing that comes to mind is Fast Food. People who are lazy sitting at home don’t feel like getting up or doing anything, so they just call a fast food place to deliver food straight to their door. Some people even don’t have the time to make their own lunch in the morning so they just get in there car and go through a drive through. When sitting at home and watching television, people don’t feel like cooking and just go grab something to eat at a fast food restaurant instead.

Economy versus the Environment Essay

Down to Earth by Ted Steinberg highlights the role of nature in US history. Steinberg provides historical events, from minute detail of migrating birds to monumental breaking up of Pangeae, to support his analysis and for readers to fully grasp the course of American history. He maintains that the continuous interaction between human and nature drives them to evolve. But the truth, of course, is that human has tendencies to disregard nature to achieve their ideal standard of living. Moreover, human’s present consumption puts the life of future generation at risk. Long before the European settlement in the region, America’s natural resources were already being threatened. Native American hunters utilized the world around them according to their needs. These early hunters drove mammoths to extinction, as well as the giant ground sloths and other prehistoric species. Many of them used fire to clear landscape which did served their purpose but harmed other plants and animals. Eventually, however, they became gifted stewards of their environment. Their activities, hunting, gathering and farming, were influenced by the cycles of nature. The early exploration dictated by personal consumption quickly followed by exploitation. Migrants poured in pursuit of gold and silver in the English colonies which was abandoned for intensive harvesting of lucrative crops or the trapping of animals. The slang â€Å"buck† for money in America refers to deer hides called buckskins, being exported for glove making and other forms of leather manufacturing. This economic system persists until the end of the colonial period. By mid-1800s, regions were identified by the kind of cash crops they produced. Tobacco, â€Å"King Cotton,† rice from South Carolina lowlands, timber from the virgin forests of the Great Lakes, Texas cattle and wheat from the Great Plains. The system made the nation wealthy but at a devastating cost to biodiversity. Steinberg pointed out that the major factor that brought the ecological change in America is â€Å"putting a price tag on the natural world. † Cities were expanding, farmers were becoming more specialized in their cash crops and companies were pushing for more profits. Nature was transformed to articles of trade. Lumber companies, for instance, led to much deforestation which led to loss of other plants and habitat of animals. The citizens of the US seemed to have a sense of â€Å"ecological amnesia,† oblivious to the effect on nature of ruthless exploitation despite the mounting evidence. Aside from lumber companies, other businesses and industries abused the natural resources for profit to further degrade the environment. A common man specializing in one type of cash crop had to rely on other farmers to provide for the needs not met by his own produce. Rivers where fish used to spawn were dammed and converted to companies’ energy source. Nature was completely ignored in the interest of commerce and industry. As trade and commercialization intensifies so as reliance of everyone on someone else. Economic activity, both production and consumption, relates to the environment in two ways: the environment provides the raw materials for production, and through the process of production and consumption, we emit wastes into the environment (Worster, 1994). However, human wants are limited while resources are finite. Demand always exceeds supply. So what happens now if we continue to strive to obtain more goods and services from our limited supply of non-renewable resources? Our present and future generations are in peril. Economic theories of trade argue that a country should concentrate on trading and producing goods and services where they have the comparative advantage (Krugman& Obstfeld, 2008). The comparative advantage in production is achieved if the input that was used is abundant in the country. For instance, labor intensive goods should be traded by countries with large population, while countries should concentrate in producing capital intensive goods if they are abundant in capital. This exactly what the early traders did. They traded according to their comparative advantage, maximized their profit and yes, abused the environment to further their gains. The economic thinking that competitiveness as a function of efficiency of labor and capital is outmoded (Epping, 2001). In other parts of the world, industries are starting to factor in the efficient way of using their natural resources. These efficiencies benefit countries, companies and local communities. Japan and Germany use half the energy input of American industry in their products. Energy represents about 10 percent of the cost of production and so they achieve with their efficiency about a five percent comparative advantage in world markets relative to US goods. The idea is to have a sustainable supply of both non-renewable and renewable resources relative to demand, to use the natural resources in a more efficient way to make the goods and services of a country, a company or a community more competitive in the market. We do not want to be the generation that kills everything. References Epping, Randy Charles (2001). A Beginner’s Guide To World Economy. New York: Random House, Inc. Krugman, P. & Obstfeld, M. (2008). International Economics: Theory and Policy. Boston: Pearson Education, Inc. Steinberg, Ted (2002). Down To Earth (pp. 1-115). New York: Oxford UP. Worster, Donald (1994). Nature’s Economy: The History of Ecological Ideas. United Kingdom: Cambridge UP.

Biotechnology and seed supply Essays

Biotechnology and seed supply Essays Biotechnology and seed supply Essay Biotechnology and seed supply Essay Exploratory research was carried out and the empirical data presented here was gathered by a number of methods. Documentary material was analysed, such as: the societys rules; its website and members web forum; newsletters; annual reports; and its 2005-10 business plan. A site visit was carried out, with participant observation at the co-op as it traded. An informal interview was carried out with a staff member and also general discussions with other co-op staff on the site visit. The DFC was chosen as a case study because of its distinct character in the Irish context. It acts as a concentrated site of empirical evidence helping to ground recent theorisation in the field of food studies. Stake (1995) makes the argument that the unique case is not an appropriate basis for wider generalisation or for a theoretical inference of some kind but rather to capture cases in their uniqueness (p3). This makes the unique case more appropriate for showing how academic theorisation can translate into practice on the ground. The broad field of food studies has recently had an injection of complex and diverse theorisation on how food is now, and more ideally should be, delivered from producers to consumers. The newly emerging concept of food democracy, with food citizens its foundational and central actors, has particular relevance and cross-over with food co-operatives and the broad co-operative ideology. The need for consumer participation in food supply In relation to the alternative food movement, Hassanein (2003) identifies uncertainties regarding its sustainability and capacity to create meaningful change. Some alternative food activists take a stronger approach than others. A weaker example includes farmers markets. This initiative enables farmers to add value to their produce, which helps the farmer, but does not address other food system issues. The foundation of a stronger approach must involve the active participation of citizens in how their food is produced and supplied. People need to practice what is termed food democracy and: actively participate in the food system, rather than remaining passive spectators on the sidelines food democracy is about citizens having the power to determine agro-food policies and practices locally, regionally, nationally and globally (p79). Food democracys key difference to other approaches and academic theorisations is its pragmatism. Hassanein (2003) suggests other discussions have highlighted important issues with food supply, but question what definitions of, for example, a sustainable food system means in practice and asks what it means to equitably balance environmental soundness, economic viability, and social justice for all sectors of society? Therefore, Hassanein (2003) contends food democracy must play a central part of the effective transformation of the agro-food system. Food citizens are active in a food democracy, it is citizen led. The structure of the conventional food system does not facilitate consumer participation and also gives them little, if no, control. Control of food supply has been concentrated with a decreasing number of food manufacturers and retailers. There is also concentration of ownership with agro-chemical companies that supply important inputs for farming. These companies are also diversifying into biotechnology and seed supply. Lang (2004) discusses the role of the consumer in this supply dominated system, arguing it is rhetoric to suggest that the food supply chain is consumer led, rather it is more like a loop: food corporations have large budgets for advertising, which aims to create and manipulate demand, not serve it. The theory of food democracy aims to re-orientate control back to key stakeholders in the food system: consumers and producers. The food co-operative could be the key tool that helps theory meet practice. Co-ops, by their very nature, should be participatory and democratic. A participatory system in practice The theory of food democracy has been discussed, with the co-op as its ideal delivery vehicle. The DFC has been practicing a more democratic method of food supply for over 20 years. The DFC case shows how food democracy can be practiced and also some of the limitations that can arise. A system of representative democracy is employed to govern the co-op. A co-ordinating body (CB), composed of twelve members, is elected at the annual general meeting. The CB is the co-ops decision making body and is responsible for running the organisation in its members interest. Around ten staff members run the co-op from day to day, most on a part-time basis and are often recruited from its member base. Members are encouraged to voice their opinions on how the co-op should be run, so the CBs activities are in line with member concerns. The co-ops newsletter is one vehicle for discussion of issues and regularly calls for members to submit their views. The co-op recognises that vocal members voices can be heard more clearly than quieter members, but advocates that the co-op aims to remain in touch with all members views, representing the consensus and not the few (Co-op News 2006). All members are entitled to trade at the co-op and can also directly participate in running the organisation through volunteering. The DFC operates a help rota system where members can volunteer two hours of their time every five to seven weeks. All members receive a discount on the co-ops produce, but help rota volunteers receive a greater discount in return for their efforts. Food citizens are not model citizens when given the opportunity to participate. Maintaining a steady volunteer base on the help rota has become an issue for the co-op. It recently had to reduce volunteering intervals from seven to five weeks. This change affects members who already give up their time to volunteer, by having to volunteer more often. This potentially results in further deterioration of the spirit of volunteering within the co-op. Existing volunteers have to give up more of their time, while others volunteer none of theirs. In an attempt to promote the value of volunteering to new co-op members, one measure the co-op has adopted is re-introducing Failte; an orientation meeting for new members explaining their rights and responsibilities. Mobilising member participation is widely recognised as an issue for the co-operative sector and within food initiatives that attempt to involve consumers. DeLind (1999) highlights issues with moblising participation in community supported agriculture initiatives and suggests the issue is that we are dealing with individualised communities and not dealing with communitised individuals, with those who participate doing so for themselves, which she describes as a highly individual or personalised resistance a resistance primarily of consumers not of citizens (p8-9). However, beyond the issues with mobilising participation, it can also be argued that even introducing and promoting the concept of participation has significance. The co-op promotes member participation on an on-going basis. In the broad context of alternative food initiatives, Allen et al (2003) suggest: Participation may get people and communities to think about issues they may never have confronted or considered before, and to then become effective agents of agri-food system change (p73). Allen et al (2003) also suggest there are other unexpected benefits. These initiatives may be the seeds of social change important in consumers developing a critical consciousness in which people view food as more than a commodity and fuel for the body (p73). Alternative food practices can provide motivation to others, inspiring a wider movement of such practices (Hendrickson and Heffernan 2003).

BiblioBoard Getting your ebook into libraries The Reedsy Blog

BiblioBoard Getting your ebook into libraries The Reedsy Blog Getting Indie Authors Into Libraries - An Interview with Mitchell Davis of BiblioBoard When you want to know where to sell your ebooks, availability is always king. Why do you want your book on the Kindle store? Because Kindles are everywhere. Why do you want to be on the iBook store? Because iBooks is is available on over 800 million iOS devices. So when BiblioBoard say they want to help indie authors reach a network of over 2500 participating libraries, every single indie author should be paying attention.Part of their strategy for this comes back to two big ideas we’ve encountered across conversations with authors and entrepreneurs. First they offer curation that helps buyers, whether they’re readers or librarians, find the kind of books they’re looking for. Second, they’re helping to normalise independent publishing, giving indie authors an equal footing with traditionally published authors, and of course by getting their books into new spaces like public libraries.Mitchell Davis is the founder and chief business officer of  BiblioLabs ,  the creators of BiblioBoard. We spoke to Mitchell about why they started BiblioBoard, and how they’re going to help introduce the work of self-published authors to libraries across first America, and eventually the world.MITCHELL DAVISLibraries had talked to us quite a bit about knowing there were good self-published books out there, but not having the time, energy or resources to sift through them to figure out which ones they should make available to patrons. I think our background made us a natural fit for wanting to solve this problem.We first visited Library Journal in early 2014 and they knew they wanted to do something with self-publishing, but felt the LJ brand was not right to sell reviews (other publications had started selling reviews to self-published authors). As we talked, it became clear that LJ and their network of librarian reviewers were the perfect â€Å"advisory† for self-published books. They could apply their expertise to helping librarians l icense the best self-published books by genre. By paying a subscription fee and trusting LJ’s review process the library could make self-published books available to their patrons for small cost and with no headaches or hassles.What we bring to the table is the technology, product development and sales. Libraries have a huge untapped potential as a book discovery platform, but they have never had an eBook distribution platform that would let them do this successfully. LJ did a patron profile survey a couple of years ago that showed 50% of people who discover an author in the library go on to buy a book by that author. This partnership unlocks the potential of that statistic to the benefit of self-published authors.Authors selected for SELF-e get a â€Å"badge† for their book and marketing materials, exposure via Library Journal and inclusion in a service that will reach millions of potential readers. This is a marketing exercise for them to have their writing discovere d.Since our platform allows unlimited multi-user access to books (most library lending systems force books to be loaned out one at a time) librarians do not have to be terrified that if a book becomes popular it will cost them more money or create long waiting lists. Librarians can now be allies with self-published authors to help them build readership.Once an author has built an audience, they can start trying to build a writing career if that is their desire (by selling other books or selling print books). And, of course, there are plenty of self-published authors who aren’t writing for the money. So for them this is about getting people to discover and read their writing or ensure their library can have an eBook available to the local community. Whatever an author’s motivations for self-publishing, we think SELF-e can help them achieve their objectives.REEDSYCuration seems to be the #1 word in any book distribution business nowadays. How will you curate the content for SELF-e?MITCHELL DAVISThe Library Journal has developed a process to manage the workflow. The books are being assessed for ease of reading, pacing, editing and other common issues seen with self-published books. Publishers do this for books- but librarians have done this for decades as well. This gives librarians a chance to get on the front end of the process. I wrote an interesting article called â€Å"How Libraries and Patrons Can Beat Publishers at Publishing† that dives into this a bit more. The title is a bit tongue in cheek, but the points are valid.REEDSYAnother great feature of BiblioBoard/SELF-e is the â€Å"local library† approach. You can make your book available to your local library (something many indies are already trying to do on their own). How does this work exactly, and how does your platform make it easier?MITCHELL DAVISLibraries have been struggling to solve this problem since self-published eBooks began. Libraries get a branded submission form from their own website. It takes about 5 minutes for the author to submit their eBook. We accept ePubs and PDFs (meaning, that even if an author has not yet converted their book to ePub, they can still make their book available). The author can then opt to make the book available through any public library in the state that subscribes to BiblioBoard. It is a very simple process for both the author and the library.REEDSYHow big is your network of local libraries? Is it U.S.-only or do you cover other countries?MITCHELL DAVISCurrently we reach over 2500 libraries in the U.S. We have customers in the U.K. and continental Europe, but these are mostly academic and national libraries so they are not really involved in SELF-e yet.REEDSYNow to the good old startup question: the business model. Authors hate to pay, and libraries provide â€Å"free content†, so it’s even more difficult to take money from their side†¦ so, where do you make money?MITCHELL DAVISSELF-e is free to authors, but we also do not pay royalties. It is common for authors to pay commercial services like BookBub to give books away for free in order to promote themselves. We thought there was a better business model around this activity than charging the authors.We sell a platform to libraries- BiblioBoard- and we also sell content that libraries can make available to patrons on the same platform. The platform pricing is based on the size and budget of the library (larger libraries with more patrons pay more, smaller libraries pay less). The SELF-e submission system is part of the core BiblioBoard platform.The modules that will be curated by Library Journal (by genre) are an additional product sold as a subscription service to the libraries. There is a compelling value proposition to the library in the work of selecting and making available hundreds of great self-published books on an elegant platform. New titles will come in every quarter and the subscription will grow its conten t offering over time. The first products will come out next year and our intent is to price them inexpensively to encourage as many libraries as possible to participate.REEDSYI see that some of the biggest names in the indie author community (Barbara Freethy, CJ Lyons, Hugh Howey) actively endorse you guys. So I guess they are themselves using SELF-e to have their book distributed to your network of libraries, right?MITCHELL DAVISThese authors see the value in what we are doing because doing these kinds of promotions and building readership launched their own careers. And they endorse what we are doing because they believe in the power of libraries to help authors. But these authors are not part of SELF-e. We have created a different model for the distribution of books by self-published authors who are already successful.We just announced a new product called Indie Rock Stars where Hugh, Barbara, CJ and around 30 other successful self-published author’s books will be availabl e for reasonably priced, multi-user access on BiblioBoard. We do see ways SELF-e and Indie Rock Stars can work together as things move forward. As authors start to take off within SELF-e we believe some of them will break out and become Indie Rock Stars.REEDSYI discussed this question with Libiro (an indie-only eBook store) a few weeks ago, and it’d be interesting to have your view on it from an indie-only distribution-to-libraries platform perspective. Can you envision a future where readers, libraries and bookstores don’t care how the book has been published? If yes, how far away is this future?MITCHELL DAVISI don’t think readers really care much today. I think librarians care to the extent that the publishers make their jobs easier in selecting books. One big problem that publishers solve for librarians is they give a degree of confidence that the books they purchase will not embarrass them.What we are doing with SELF-e solves that problem also, but much furt her upstream and with libraries actively engaged in the process. Library Journal (and eventually librarians themselves) can sit on this wellspring of self-published content and start having a formative voice in how books reach readers. It is not outlandish to think that if we create the right user-experience that in five years a massive number of people (think: Amazon or Instagram type numbers) will think of the local library first when they want to discover a new author digitally.REEDSYReedsy is all about providing author publishers with the same level of quality they’d get through a big 5 publisher, and, in a way, raising the standard of self-publishing. So we are definitely chasing this future. How do you see both our startups integrating or collaborating in the next few years?MITCHELL DAVISI think our partnership will help authors get the help they need to go from being writers to being authors. If an author has already published their book, then that is pretty straightfo rward, but we are working with library writers programs and many other library-connected services that will generate first time manuscripts. Reedsy can provide a place for them to find the professional services they need to succeed. I am excited to see what develops between us as time goes forward.REEDSYAn easy one to finish: what’s the next big thing/milestone for Biblioboard?MITCHELL DAVISOur â€Å"next big thing† is a new user interface that will roll out in mid 2015. We have learned a lot over the past two years from library patrons and library partners; and, of course, technology stacks improve over a two-year period.Individual libraries will be branded on the new interface and we have incorporated a more visual and social way for libraries to â€Å"desk curate† the experience for their own patrons in a super simple way. We have added a whole set of tools for patrons to build their own lists and boards to help them easily organize books, videos, images, his torical documents, audio- anything their library makes available to them digitally- in one simple place.BiblioBoard will ultimately succeed by word-of-mouth and return users. We know this is what it takes for platforms to succeed today- just look at Uber, AirBnB and Evernote. Libraries live in the same world as these companies, and to be digitally relevant they have to deliver equally compelling user experiences.REEDSYThanks for your time Mitchell.What do you think about this innovative way of getting indie authors into libraries? We (Reedsy and Biblioboard) would love to hear your comments, so do join the conversation below!

Influenza Outbreak of 1918. Could it Happen Again; World War I and How Essay

Influenza Outbreak of 1918. Could it Happen Again; World War I and How This War Impacted America. Did it Change the World Forever; Reasons Why the Stock Market Collapsed in 1929 - Essay Example The American involvement in the war is considered the result of several important factors, as follows – first and foremost, here should be mentioned the distinctive pro-American British policy and American elite’s pro-British sympathies, which became a reality after the â€Å"Great Rapprochement† between Britain and the US in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries (Buchanan, 1999, pp.193-5). Second, the widespread American dislike of militaristic Germany was â€Å"strengthened by the British propaganda†; while Americans generally sympathized with France, believing they owed it a debt (Buchanan, 1999, p.196). The immediate motive behind America’s entry into the war was the sinking of the Lusitania on May 7, 1915 (Buchanan, 1999). However, financial and commercial interests certainly stuck out – by the time of American entry into the war, US banks extended over 2 billion dollars to the Allies (Buchanan, 1999). Consequently, despite the relatively modest contribution to victory on the western front – during the hardest fighting of the war in 1918, the American Expeditionary Force captured 43 300 prisoners and some 1 400 guns – the US received recognition of their power, mainly due to their economic might, as well as the prestige and popularity of Woodrow Wilson (Strachan, 1998).

Privacy Rights in Domestic Relations Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Privacy Rights in Domestic Relations - Case Study Example According to some, the case was decided fairly, and within the boundaries of constitutionality and fairness. However, to others, it was a monstrous atrocity committed in the name of upholding the constitution. Much of this opposition came from the pro-lifers who saw this as a reaffirmation of a law that promoted what was tantamount to mass murder in their eyes. The laws were seen by â€Å"Pro-choicers† as a burden to women and aimed at creating restrictions, which resulted in the embarrassment that would eventually force women to carry the unwanted pregnancy to term. The case is significant in helping to show that the abortion law in America contrary to popular belief is more of constitutional than family law. This is underscored in that the only clause that was struck out from the five was the one requiring a woman to show evidence of her husband’s acquiescence to the operation. This was done on the basis that it occasions an undue burden on the woman, and may interfer e with the woman’s freedom to have an abortion (4LawSchool.com, n.d.). In this case, the issue of privacy is unequivocally relevant since those who had brought it forward wanted women to be able to have abortions on the strength of their own convictions, without being forced to consult their spouses of parents. Prior to the ruling, a married woman could not have simply had an abortion without her husband’s concept. Yet the fetus was in her and any health implications would be on her besides, a pregnancy will interfere with the woman’s life more than the man’s (Lloyd, 2011). Furthermore, the child might not be the husbands hence the need for an abortion. The disclosure would have traumatized the woman, and she may have carried the pregnancy to term rather than own up. The same case applied to minors having to seek permission from their parents. This amounts to an invasion of their privacy since if a girl has problems communicating with her parents, she may end up keeping the pregnancy until it was too late out of fear. Had I been a j udge in the trial, I would have struck down all the five requirements because abortion is allowed; there is no reason for it to be made harder for women than it has to be.  

James Robie Art Gallery Visit Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

James Robie Art Gallery Visit Assignment - Essay Example The arms are silver in color and are half circles. He shows the head as a half circle. the body stands on a wood base of dark wood. The "Conjurer" is strong and powerful because the whole body is visible to the viewer. You really don't have to use your imagination to see the body. Why the name "the Conjurer"? He is a strong wizard. His art is old and his feats are to change the fate of those who ask. The half head shows the size of the moon. A wizard or conjurer practices his art at night. The "Shrine" represent a couple under the umbrella of unity. It is a kind feeling as the man and wife are united into one. There is a mixture of modern as seen with the top and of native culture. It could be African or it could be from the depths of South America. The soft light wood with the oxidized green shows life which has become united in time and aged with experience. It is interesting to note that though there are angles in this statute, the majority of the statue is a solid piece of wood. The couple is facing each other. Normally Robie uses different pieces and forms in his statutes. In the "Conjurer", he used a vibrate wide spread silver showing the magic. Perhaps this is why we see him as moving his arms We see the "Shrine" as a still peaceful moment of a couple looking out. Each of Robie's statutes show different angles of the person both physically and spiritually.

Aesthetic Attitude Is A Myth Philosophy Essay

Aesthetic Attitude Is A Myth Philosophy Essay In The Myth of the Aesthetic Attitude, George Dickie argues that the notion of the aesthetic attitude is a myth and attempts to argue against all forms of the idea. Whilst there are other compelling theories concerning the existence of the aesthetic attitude, he presents a strong case against it, arguing that all attempts to precisely describe such an attitude fail. His argument focuses on the notions of the aesthetic attitude proposed by Bullough and Stolnitz, which I will outline in this essay. Initially, Dickie considers Edward Bulloughs theory of psychical distance. Bullough suggests that in order to obtain an aesthetic attitude and judge an object aesthetically, the subject must distance themselves from that object and separate à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the object and its appeal from ones own self, by putting it out of gear with practical needs and ends.  [1]  In doing so, Bullough says that contemplation of the object becomes alone possible  [2]  and you are no longer directly involved with the object. Bullough illustrates his idea using his fog at sea example, where he describes how unpleasant and dangerous the fog might seem to a person, but also how beautiful the fog is. Bullough thinks that it is the aesthetic attitude which enables ones view of the fog to change through a transformation by distance  [3]  as the fog is allowed to stand outside the context of our personal needs and ends and one can look at it objectively. For Bullough, only the right amount of distance enables the aesthetic attitude to be employed and he discusses à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦cases in which people are unable to bring off an act of distancing or are incapable of being induced into a state of being distanced.  [4]  Bulloughs example of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the jealous husband at a performance of Othello  [5]  unable to concentrate as he is thinking of his own wifes suspicious behaviour demonstrates being under-distanced as the subject is too emotionally involved with the play. Similarly, a light technician working on the play might be over-distanced as he is preoccupied with the lights and missing any emotional involvement with the play itself. Dickie may undermine Bulloughs concept of distance here as he questions whether one can deliberately distance oneself or whether one can be induced into a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦consciousness denoted by being distanced.  [6]  Dickie undermines the concept of distance here suggesting that there is no such experience as being distanced and so undermines Bulloughs theory. Furthermore, Dickie criticises Bulloughs use of new terms referring to distance, as he thinks to introduce these terms does nothing but send us chasing after phantom acts and states of consciousness.  [7]  Dickie infers that there is no identifiable psychological experience of being distanced  [8]  and so no value in Bulloughs idea of distance. Furthermore he suggests that being under or over-distanced is simply being more or less focused on something and just two different cases of inattention.  [9]  Therefore, being distanced means just focusing ones attention on something and is not a new kind of act  [10]  or special state of consciousness  [11]  . Whilst Dickie puts forward a fairly persuasive argument against psychical distance, his description of aesthetic experiences as simple cases of attention or inattention may not be adequate in explaining what it truly is to have an aesthetic experience. If, as Dickie suggests, we reject the aesthetic attitude, one might argue that we would be unable to answer some important questions about aesthetic experience. Specifically, one might argue that the aesthetic attitude is required in order to pinpoint what exactly the judgment of taste is and what prompts us to recognise objects as aesthetic objects. Therefore, Dickies argument may be less effective in refuting the aesthetic attitude, as Bulloughs theory of distance may be closer to providing answers to such questions. Importantly, Dickie continues his argument by criticising another way of conceiving the aesthetic attitude when he discusses Jerome Stolnitzs theory which suggests that the aesthetic attitude is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦marked out by its disinterestednessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ã‚  [12]  and its detachment from practical purposes. Stolnitzs definition is that it is the disinterested and sympathetic attention to and contemplation of any object of awareness whatever, for its own sake alone.  [13]  Stolnitz elaborates on this idea explaining that disinterested attention means looking at the object with no concern for any ulterior purpose.  [14]  Similarly he says that sympathetic attention means that the subject can experience the objects individual qualities with no prejudice. For Stolnitz, such an aesthetic perception involves the subjects active attention being directed at the object alone, without thinking or asking questions and being emotionally open and able to respond to it. This result s in an enhanced experience of the object which enables us to focus on à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the look of the rocks, the sound of the ocean, the colours in the painting,  [15]  whilst contemplating an object with a practical perception prevents us from truly appreciating it and limits our experience of the object. Dickies criticism of Stolnitzs aesthetic attitude only really focuses on this notion of disinterested attention. Stolnitz distinguishes between disinterested attention and interested attention which he says differ according to the purpose of the attention. For example when looking at Warhols Campbell Soup Cans, if I admire it as a beautiful piece of art then I experience it with disinterested attention. On the other hand, if I look at it and think about how hungry I am and how I would like to eat the soup, I experience it with an interested attention. However, Dickie objects to Stolnitzs idea that such a difference in purpose results in a difference in attention. Dickie proposes that the concept of disinterest does nothing to explain what it means to attend to  [16]  an object. To reinforce his point, Dickie uses an example of two people listening to music with different purposes Jones with the purpose of analysing the music for an exam and Smith with no such purpose other than simply listening to it. Dickie suggests that Jones has an ulterior purpose and Smith does not, but this does not mean Joness listening differs from Smiths.  [17]  Dickie demonstrates that the only difference between the listening of Jones and Smith is their purpose and suggests that in reality there is nothing different about their attention at all. Therefore, Dickie argues that the notion of disinterestedness cannot be used to refer to a type of attention, as attention has no special attribute such as disinterest. Instead, Dickie thinks that it ca n only refer to whether attention is motivated by a purpose or not. Hence, Dickie may challenge Stolnitzs theory as he questions the validity of the concepts of interested and disinterested attention which is key to Stolnitzs whole theory of the aesthetic attitude. In addition, Dickie reinforces his argument using the example of the art critic attending a piece of art. Dickie points out that according to Stolnitzs theory, the art critic could not critique the art as well as appreciate it, as the critic has an ulterior purpose to analyse and evaluate the object he perceives.  [18]  Dickie claims that Stolnitz confuses a perceptual distinction with a motivational one  [19]  as the critic only differs from other subjects attending the art in his motives and purpose. For Dickie, this example only further highlights that it is not possible to attend to art interestedly nor disinterestedly only with or without a motive or purpose. Whilst Dickie develops a convincing argument against Stolnitzs theory of the aesthetic attitude, he does only really focus on one aspect of it disinterestedness and doesnt effectively address the idea of sympathetic attention, for example. In his argument, Stolnitz stresses the importance of considering all the aspects of his definition of the aesthetic attitude, so for this reason, Dickies attempt at challenging Stolnitzs theory may not be as successful. Furthermore, Stolnitz himself argues in response to Dickies criticism that, Leading aestheticians continue to take disinterestedness to be foundational in their thinking.  [20]  Stolnitz suggests that the incomparable longevity of the concept demonstrates its validity, as it continues to engage thought.  [21]  As engaging as the concept may be, however, this point might not succeed as an effective counter-argument to Dickie. Dickies argument convincingly refutes Bulloughs and Stolnitzs theories of the aesthetic attitude, but it may not follow that rejecting the ideas of distance and disinterestedness means that no special aesthetic attitude exists. One might argue that from the vantage point  [22]  of the subject there are a set of features that identify aesthetic experience  [23]  which, whilst difficult to describe accurately, constitute the aesthetic attitude. Furthermore, it might be argued that Dickie is more concerned with the aesthetic object than the aesthetic experience, as his own alternative for the aesthetic attitude the institutional theory of art focuses on the nature of art and how an object can become art, rather than on aesthetic experience and our response to an object. Ultimately, however, whilst there are several compelling counter-arguments in favour of the aesthetic attitude, I think that Dickies argument that it is a myth is convincing and effectively undermines both Bull oughs and Stolnitzs notions of the aesthetic attitude.